., SOETJIPTO, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Mulyoreijo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Mayjen Prof Dr Moestopo 47, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Mulyoreijo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia, Indonesia